PHYSICS OF SOUND AND MUSIC

PHYSCS 240

 

Spring 2009

 

Lectures, Upham Hall Room # 166,

Tuesday and Thursday  12:30-1:45 pm

 

 

Lecturer: Ms. Juliana Constantinescu,

Department of Physics, UWW

 

Office: Upham Hall #159                                                Phone:  472-5115

 

E-mail:  constanj@uww.edu

 

Office hours:   9:55 – 10:45a.m. Tuesday and Thursday

1:10–3:10 p.m Wednesday;

other times by appointment

 

Office hours are held by your instructor for your benefit.  If you want to see your instructor and do not have free time during an office hour, please make an appointment.  Appointments may be made after class, by phone, or by e-mail.  Feel free to contact your instructor by e-mail at any time. I check my email the latest at  7:00pm. So if you write to me after seven you cannot expect to receive an answer  before the next morning.

 

Course Objectives

This course is a science course! This is a one-semester introduction to the physics of sound and music!  You canÕt wake up in the morning, walk down the street, or even sit in an open, quiet field without experiencing sound.  It is such a common phenomenon that there is a tendency to think of it as very simple.  In the way we use it everyday, it can be... but, look (and listen) closer, and you will find there are innumerable facets to it, especially when extended to the sometimes mysterious realm of music.  Why certain musical sounds seem so pleasant while others grate endlessly (which ones do which is, of course, a subject of taste) is a question that probably cannot be answered in words, but it certainly can be considered in interesting ways.

 

We will explore the worlds of sound and music in this course.  Though this is a physics course, and we will use some algebra, but most  of the material will be presented  in terms of concepts, pictures and activities.

 

¯  I hope you will be able to understand, read, comprehend and discuss comfortably with your friends about basic physical concepts of music and sound in general

¯  It would be expected from you to be able to improve your  ability to recognize similarities and differences, recognizing patterns, summarize  information, generalize concepts, identifying problems and understanding the context, being able to research on your own and to collaborate with others, to work in team, to learn how to collaborate and adapt, how to respect the diversity of individuals.

¯  More  than everything else, I hope you will be able to respect yourself for being able to face the challenge of approaching new topics and teaching yourself how to deal with unexpected subjects and / or problems.

 

Course Prerequisites

 Intermediate Algebra 760-141

 

Required Text and Materials

 

Text: The Physics of Sound, 3rd ed. Berg & Stork.

 

Contact Hours, Homework Hours and the Grades You Receive

Many students want to know how much time they should be putting into this course in order to get a particular grade.  Unfortunately, because each student comes to this course with different study habits and differing abilities in first-semester high school algebra, I can give no single answer.  What I can tell you is that the university sets a minimum level of effort which each student must devote per credit earned for all courses at the university, a minimum found in Section V-C, page 1 (revised 1992 August 1), of the University Handbook:

Source:  Office of the Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs
        The following defines how many hours of in-class and out-of-class time is required per credit.
  A minimum of 800 minutes (sixteen 50-minute classes) in the classroom with the instructor equals one credit of class time.  Out-of-class work must be included and must total a minimum of 1,600 minutes per credit.
    The credit/hours can be offered in a variety of formats.  However, courses offered in non-conventional time configurations must identify, in the course proposal, a time frame to accommodate a minimum of 800 minutes of direct contact per credit and a minimum of 1,600 minutes of out-of-class work for each credit offered.
       Physics of Sound  (PHYSCS 240) is a three-credit course that meets,  two times per week

If you are not receiving the grade you think you deserve, ask yourself if you are putting in the minimum amount of study time outside of class that the university expects you to spend.  If not, then you have additional work to do.  If you are putting in that level of effort and getting a C when you want a higher grade, then you must realize that each person may need to study much longer than the university-sanctioned minimum in order to earn higher grades.  Most of you already know how much effort it takes to get B's and A's in demanding college courses.  Some of you do not and will learn it in this course:  welcome to the Real World.

    Learning tools, Progress evaluation and Requirements

In many courses you have had before, the professorÕs responsibility was to lecture and your responsibility was to take notes and memorize the material.

In this course, my responsibility is to find ways to help you learn astronomy and your responsibility is to actively engage in your own learning process .

Participation on each and every class is necessary to fully understand the material. The reading of your book is not going to be enough for you to consider as an accomplishment for this course.

 

á          Active engagement with nearly daily group activities.  It is my belief that you can only learn a limited amount of information from lecture alone, no matter how clear or entertaining . Therefore, this course  is composed of a series of mini-lectures that will be augmented by collaborative classroom activities. You are  strongly encouraged to consider these activities as a critical component to your success in the course.

á          There are  homework assignments and/or small projects  that will be given to you at the end of some lectures. In some occasions I  will assign a set of homework problems or a specific topic that you have to research and write a paper on, you  are to complete the work on your own time and submit it one week later in class. I will communicate all information about assignments in class. No late homework will be accepted for ANY reason without an official excused.

 

You will be expected to t y p e your answers clearly, completely and on your own. Point will be deducted from your grade for  homework required to be typed and handed in not typed

 

When answer questions, donÕt copy fragments from your book. I expect you to read and answer questions from the homework, using your own words. When you are using web information, I expect you to read and answer using your own words.

I encourage you to work with someone else, but you need to turn in YOUR OWN ANSWERS/ HOMEWORK, NOT TO COPY THE SAME ANSWERS. HOMEWORK FOUND WITH SIMILAR MISTAKES WILL BE CONSIDER PLAGIARISM AND RECEIVE A ZERO GRADE.

 

Group Activities: There will be graded in-class group activities. These activities are included so that each student will learn to use basic measuring apparatus and methods. These activities may be made up if missed due to university-sponsored events, but prior approval is needed. Activity assignments received more than one class period after assigned will receive half credit.

 

Papers: There will be at least a combination paper/project assigned. These papers will be on topics related to the material under discussion and may involve analysis of a physics problem or reporting on Web sites devoted to a physics topic. The purpose of these papers is to increase your ability to communicate about interesting physics topics in a clear and coherent manner. You are expected to cite any references using the APA style  http://library.uww.edu/GUIDES/APACITE.htm  and all papers are to be in your own words. Papers may be checked for uniqueness via software and Internet search engines.

 

á          DO NOT just copy a paper from the Internet! This is called plagiarism.

á          DO NOT copy a paper from somebody else! This is called plagiarism.

á          DO NOT just compile quotes from the sources that you found in your paper. Quotes may be used sparsely, where they support a point that you are trying to make. Papers that are full of quotes with not much of your own text and thinking will receive a low grade.

á          DO NOT forget the reference list at the end of your paper. Points are subtracted for a missing reference list.

 

Your papers/projects will be presented during the semester: you will form the team, select the topic of your final project by February 12, 2009.

AS A FINAL COMPLETE  PROJECT, YOUR TEAM WILL WRITE A PAPER ( AT LEAST THREE PAGES LONG AND 6-7 PAGES THE MOST) AND CREATE A POWER POINT PRESENTATION;THIS PAPER, A LIST OF WEB SOURCES AND ANY OTHER SOURCES YOU USED AS  REFERENCES, A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND GRAPHYCS ( IF NECESSARY) A COPY OF THE POWER POINT ( AS A HANDOUT FORMAT) WILL BE GIVEN TO THE INSTRUCTOR ONE LECTURE PRIOR TO YOUR PRESENTATION.  The presentation should be 10 to 15 minutes long and it will be presented in front of the class. All members of the team need to be part of the presentation. Professional dressing and presentation appeareceances is required.

Keep copies of the paper and the power point presentation for you because papers will not be return to you

 

Late papers lose 10% per day starting when the bell rings for class. If you have problems with this you must talk to me BEFORE things are due.

 

 The project will count 15% of your final grade.

 

OCCASIONAL SMALL QUIZZES will be given in class to help remember concepts and review information previously presented in class and used by students for homework.

 

á          Two  Summary Examinations and a Final Examination will be given during the course. The Final Exam will cover all the course material.

á          Attendance to class is REQUIRED. Your attendance and full participation at each class period will be an essential component of your success in the course.

á          Carefully studying the text is  REQUIRED!. You are accountable for all material, concepts, and interrelationships presented in lecture, the book text and Lecture tutorials. Reading assignment should be completed BEFORE the class lecture. It is important to remember that exams will cover material from the text readings that may or may not be discussed in class.

 

ABSENCE POLICY FOR QUIZZES AND EXAMINATIONS

 

1.       There will be no make-up of missed homework assignment, regardless of the reason for the absence. If you are absent form the class when the homework is assigned, you are expected to obtain the problem from a classmate and hand it in at the required time. A missed homework assignment will be recorded as a zero grade.

2.       There will be no make-up of missed quiz, unless you have an excused absence for a University activity, family emergency or health problem. A written documentation is required and you have to inform the instructor in advance.

3. Attendance at examinations is mandatory. Those with excused  absences   will be able to make up the exam ( once) at the scheduled date by your instructor. Permission to miss an examination must be obtained from the instructor prior to examination. Family emergency, University activity and health problems need to have written documentation. Those with unexcused  absences will be given a zero grade for this portion of the course; the unexcused absence to the regular date of your exam will  you the permission to come at the make up time scheduled for that particular

 

The Final  Exam will cover all the course material and be of the same form as Summary Examinations. However will count 1.5 times as much as a single Exam.

Grading policy: SUMMARY:                      examinations                         45%

                                                                                          quizzes                     5 %

                                                                                          assignments                           10%

                                                                                          in class activities                 18%

                                                                                          term-paper                    15%

                                                                        TOTAL POSSIBLE    = 100%

 

                                       GRADE ASSIGNMENTS:

                                    88%<A<100%; 78%<B<87%;  66%<C<77%;  56%<D<65%;  F<55%

                   

 

CALCULATOR POLICY

 

Successful completion of this course requires your possession of a scientific calculator with at least the power of the Casio FX -300 series. You are expected to bring working scientific calculator to every class. Three or more non participation in class activity with your calculator will bring  a 3 points deduction from  your grade  each time you will not bring your calculator in class

If you do not already own such a calculator, a Casio fx-300 series calculator or an equivalent can be purchased at Wall-Mart for about $15. Of course, you may use as expensive a scientific calculator as you wish to purchase, provided it possesses the functions available on Casio fx-300 series.

 

Policy of cellular phone

The cellular telephone would be turned off during class periods and lectures time.

YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO USE THE CELLULAR PHONE AS A CALCULATOR DURING ANY EXAMS! Cell phones will not be allowed during final exam: if you will bring it with you will leave at the instructor desk and pick it up at the  end of the exam.

 

Attendance Policy and Defined Excuses

Attendance is expected. 

Students are expected to participate fully in class discussions and in-group assignments. 

o     Show the instructor documentation for missing class for a university sponsored event as soon as possible in advance of the absence so that arrangements may be made for makeup. Absences for university-sponsored events will not count as an absence in recording grades.

o      In case of illness or other unavoidable reason for missing, it is the responsibility of the student to contact the instructor within 24 hours and be able to document the reason for being absent. In the case of illness and other unavoidable absences, only the first three  ones  will be excused. 

o     You can have three unexcused absences over the semester. Each absence, after these, that is not excused, will bring  zero points to your grade for that day for in class activity

o     Missing a class is not a legitimate excuse for turning in assignments late. 

 

Special Needs Statement

Students with special needs should contact the instructor to make appropriate arrangements.

 

Religious Beliefs Accommodation

Board of Regents policy states that students' sincerely held religious beliefs shall be reasonably accommodated with respect to scheduling all examinations and other academic requirements.  Students must notify the instructor, within the first three weeks of the beginning of classes (within the first week of summer session and short courses) of the specific days or dates on which they will request accommodation from an examination or academic requirement.  For additional information, please refer to the section of the University Bulletin and the Timetable titled, Accommodation of Religious Beliefs.

 

Academic Misconduct

Academic dishonesty includes such things as cheating, inventing false information or citations, plagiarism, and helping someone else commit an act of academic dishonesty. It usually involves an attempt by a student to show possession of a level of knowledge or skills that she or he does not posses.

á          Cheating is the act of obtaining or attempting to obtain credit for work by the use of any dishonest, fraudulent, or unauthorized means.

á          Plagiarism is the act of taking the specific substance of another and offering it as oneÕs own without giving credit to the source.

 

The University believes that academic honesty and integrity are fundamental to the mission of higher education and of the University of Wisconsin System.  The University has a responsibility to promote academic honesty and integrity and to develop procedures to deal effectively with instances of academic dishonesty.  Students are responsible for the honest completion and representation of their work, for the appropriate citation of sources, and for respect of others' academic endeavors.  Students who violate these standards are subject to disciplinary action.  URS Chapter 14 identifies procedures to be followed when a student is accused of academic misconduct.  For additional information, please refer to the section in the Student Handbook titled, Student Academic Disciplinary Procedures.

 

Absence for University Sponsored Events

University policy adopted by Faculty Senate and the Whitewater Student Government states that students will not be academically penalized for missing class in order to participate in university-sanctioned events.  They will be provided an opportunity to make up any work that is missed; and if class attendance is a requirement, missing a class in order to participate in a university  event will not be counted as an absence.  A university  event is defined to be any intercollegiate athletic contest or other such event as determined by the Provost.  Activity sponsors are responsible for obtaining the Provost's prior approval of an event as being university sanctioned and for providing an official list of participants.  Students are responsible for notifying their instructors in advance of their participation in such events.

 

 

IMPORTANT INFORMATION YOU SHOULD KNOW

 

The University of Wisconsin – Whitewater is dedicated to a safe, supportive and non-discriminatory learning environment. It is the responsibility of all undergraduate and graduate students to familiarize themselves with University policies regarding Special Accommodations, Misconduct, Religious Beliefs Accommodation, Discrimination and Absence for University Sponsored Events. (For details please refer to the Undergraduate and Graduate Timetables; the ÒRights and ResponsibilitiesÓ section of the Undergraduate Bulletin; the Academic Requirements and Policies and the Facilities and Services sections of the Graduate Bulletin; and the ÒStudent Academic Disciplinary ProceduresÓ [UWS Chapter 14]; and the ÒStudent Nonacademic Disciplinary ProceduresÓ [UWS Chapter 17]).

 

*   This syllabus conforms to the "Common Syllabus" resolution S 95-96: 09 of the Whitewater Student Government.

 

Tentative Schedule*:

* I reserve the right to modify this schedule if necessary.

Class

Date

Chapter

Topic

Additional activities

1

Jan-20

Chapter 1

Intro/course overview

 

2

Jan-22

 

Simple Harmonic Motion

 

3

Jan-27

Chapter 2

Waves and Sound

 

4

Jan 29

 

Sound Propagation and Speed

 

5

Feb 3

 

Beats – The Doppler Effect

 

6

Feb 5

 

Standing waves

Guest visit

7

Feb-10

 

Standing waves - overtones

 

8

Feb-12

Chapter 4

Synthesis of complex waves

 

9

Feb 17

 

Analysis of tone quality / review for exam

 

10

Feb-19

 

Mid Term – Exam 1

 

11

Feb-24

Chapter 6

Human Ear / Perception of sound

 

12

Feb 26

 

OhmÕs Law of hearing/ masking /  hearing problems

 

12

March - 3

 

Student presentation

 

13

March 5

 

Anatomy of vocal sounds /  Voice

 

14

March 10

 

Analysis of vocal sounds/Communicative disorders

Guest

15

March 12

 

Student presentation

 

16

March 17

Chapter 7

E&M / electrical circuits and OhmÕs law

 

17

March 19

 

Mid term exam2

 

18-19

March 22-March 28

 

SPRING BREAK

 

20

March 31

Chapter 8

Refraction and diffraction/ Room acoustic

 

21

April 2

 

Problems  in Acoustical design

 

22

April 7/9

 

Visit to Young Auditorium

 

23

April 14

Chapter 10

 Woodwind instruments

 

24

April 16

 

Student presentations/Building instruments

 

25

April 21

Chapter 11

Brass instruments

Guest visit

27

April 23

Chapter 12

Stringed instruments

Students guests(?)

28

April 28

 

Student presentations

 

29

April 30

 

Possible visit to GETZEN company

 

30

May 5

Chapter 13

Piano

 

31

May 7

 

Student presentation

 

 

FINAL EXAM     Monday  May 18, 2009 1:00-3:00 pm Room #166